As deepfake technology becomes more advanced and widely adopted, important questions arise regarding its impact on both the creators of deepfake media and the target individuals who are deepfaked. The present research examines this issue in a more common and practical context of video advertisements where brands use celebrity deepfakes to promote their products. Four experiments (N = 1,531) documented that people perceive not only the creators (brands) of deepfake ads as less authentic, but the targets (celebrities) as well. The reduced brand and celebrity authenticity led to more negative attitudes for both. For brands, this negative effect may be attenuated by disclosing their deepfake use in the ads, obtaining celebrity consent to use their deepfake, and using de-aging deepfake. In contrast, celebrities may do so by withholding consent to be deepfaked. These findings suggest that while both creators and targets of deepfake ads may face adverse consequences, celebrities face greater challenges in avoiding these negative perceptions compared to brands.

* Presented at the Unconference (2024 | Arlington, VA)

Although consumers’ word-of-mouth (WOM) recommendations are considered one of the most effective forms of social influence, the present work demonstrates a domain where they are less influential: luxury goods. Across multiple laboratory experiments, a field experiment, and two archival datasets, WOM recommendations – whether communicated informally or left as a review – have a less positive influence on consumers’ attitudes, product choice, and willingness to pay for luxury relative to non-luxury goods. We further show that the effect in part emerges because WOM recommendations can reduce feelings of uniqueness associated with the product or service, blunting these recommendations’ positive influence in domains where uniqueness is valued, like luxury goods. In identifying the role of uniqueness, we further provide theory-based boundary conditions for when the positive influence of WOM recommendations is restored. Altogether, this research offers a novel perspective on the impact and inferences of WOM recommendations, and it expands understanding of the factors that influence consumers’ attitudes and actions toward luxury goods.

* Presented in the Haring Symposium (2024 | Bloomington, IN), the Transatlantic Doctoral Conference (2023 | London, UK), the Kellogg-Booth Student Symposium (2023 | Chicago, IL), the Association for Consumer Research Conference (2022 | Denver, CO), and the Society for Consumer Psychology Conference (2022 | Online)

Whether it is a word-of-mouth recommendation or an answer in an online forum, consumer-to-consumer advice giving plays a critical role in consumer behavior. But what factors affect when consumers intend to or engage in advice giving? The present research identifies a novel antecedent: feelings of psychological ownership. Across varied samples, an archival data set, and multiple experiments, the authors demonstrate that when consumers exhibit or are led to experience a high sense of psychological ownership over an object, it increases their relevant advice-giving intentions and behavior. Notably, this effect emerges because feelings of high psychological ownership augment consumers’ subjective expertise with the object, because the feelings of ownership lead that object to become more associated with their sense of self. Thus, even when ownership is induced peripherally (e.g., a consumer names vs. does not name a possession), the increased self-connection results in increased subjective expertise, motivating advice giving. These findings offer new insights on the antecedents to consumer advice giving, the consequences of psychological ownership, and practical advice on how to elicit consumer generated content.

* Presented in the Association for Consumer Research Conference (2023 | Seattle, WA)

Unexpected negative events can occur during consumption, disrupting the consumption experience and causing consumer dissatisfaction. However, do these events impact all brands similarly? Across six experimental studies (N = 1,732), we find that consumers express less favorable brand attitudes to unexpected negative events that occur during material (vs. experiential) product consumption. These negative brand attitudes subsequently lead to greater negative word-of-mouth intent and reduced repurchase intention. This effect occurs because consumers anticipate less variability when consuming material (vs. experiential) products, leading to larger expectancy violations when these events occur during material (vs. experiential) consumption. We further demonstrate that negative consumer responses to material (vs. experiential) brands can be attenuated when the brand provides compensation. Altogether, this research provides insights into consumer perceptions of unexpected negative events for different product types and how brands may address these events.

Consumers’ perception of brand image plays a critical role in helping marketers formulate branding and positioning strategies to attract consumers. Since the Brand Personality Scale was developed by Aaker (1997) that identified five brand personality dimensions, new generations of consumers and brands have emerged. The authors sought to update the scale with a total sample of 2392 participants across fours studies. Study 1 (n = 150) showed a poor model fit of the original scale. Study 2 (n = 60) identified new traits that contemporary consumers use to describe brands to be used for further testing. Study 3 (n = 1,633) identified six brand personality dimensions—Caring, Fun, Competent, Sophisticated, Rugged, and High-tech—based on ratings of 57 brands on 74 traits. Study 4 (n = 549) validated the six dimensions using 42 traits. The authors provide comparisons of brand profiles between the original and the updated scales and offer examples of how marketers could leverage the new scale to compete in the marketplace.

Past studies show that people experience negative feelings toward other people’s bragging, but whether individual variables such as meaning in life change these responses are yet unknown. It has been established that the search for meaning in life (Search) and presence of meaning in life (Presence) influence how people view themselves and others. Thus, Search and Presence would also change the degree of negative emotions people experience from other’s bragging. The study results showed that Search is positively related to negative feeling and feeling envy, annoyed, and irritated toward others’ bragging. Presence, however, showed negative relationship with such emotions. Successful manipulation of Presence and Search further evinced this relationship. All studies have been preregistered on AsPredicted.

​* Presented in the Association for Consumer Research (2020 | Online), Society for Consumer Psychology Conference (2020 | Huntington Beach, CA), and in Marketing Science Conference (2019 | Rome, Italy)